Home / Industrial Chemicals / Industrial Sodium Nitrate
Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3. Sodium nitrate is a white deliquescent solid very soluble in water.The properties of sodium nitrate enable it to be used in a great variety of applications, including the production of glass, metal treatment, ceramics, explosives and various chemical processes. It has been mined extensively for these purposes.
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Sodium nitrate appears as a white crystalline solid, sometimes with light gray or pale yellow hues. The relative molecular mass is 84.99, and its density is 2.257. It is hygroscopic and readily soluble in water and liquid ammonia, with slight solubility in ethanol and glycerin. Its melting point is 306°C, and the decomposition temperature is 380°C, resulting in sodium nitrite and oxygen as decomposition products. At higher temperatures, decomposition intensifies, producing a mixed gas of oxygen, nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides. It has strong oxidizing properties and can cause combustion or explosions when mixed with organic materials, sulfur, and sulfites.
Sodium nitrate is used as a raw material for producing potassium nitrate, mining explosives, bitter acid, dyes, and more. It serves as a nitrating agent for manufacturing dye intermediates. In the glass industry, it acts as a defoaming agent, decolorizer, clarifier, and oxidation flux for producing various glass products. In the enamel industry, it is used as an oxidizer and flux in formulating enamel powders. In the mechanical industry, it functions as a metal cleaning agent and is also used in formulating bluing agents for ferrous metals. In metallurgy, it is applied as a heat treatment agent for steel and aluminum alloys. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized as a culture medium for penicillin. In the fertilizer industry, it serves as a fast-acting fertilizer suitable for acidic soils, particularly effective for root crops such as beets and radishes. High-purity analytical reagents, spectral reagents, and oxidizers are also derived from sodium nitrate, which is used in dye synthesis and the production of explosives and fireworks. Nitrates generally have early-strength effects, especially at low and negative temperatures, serving as early-strength and antifreeze agents. In water treatment, sodium nitrate is mainly used as a corrosion inhibitor and to suppress boiler metal embrittlement. Electrodeposition-grade or chemically pure sodium nitrate can be used as an additive for black chromium plating, as well as in black chromium electroplating solutions and in low-chromate passivation of galvanized layers, as well as in oxidation solutions for zinc and magnesium alloys.
Used for producing explosives and gunpowder as an oxidizer.
Serves as a nitrogen fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth.
Acts as a raw material for synthesizing nitrates, nitrites, and other chemicals.
Used as a preservative and color fixative, particularly in meat processing.
Utilized for manufacturing drugs and chemical reagents.
Functions as a flux to improve the properties and quality of glass.
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