Barium Sulfate

Barium sulfate (or sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4. It is a white crystalline solid.

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Barium Sulfate

Barium sulfate (or sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is odorless and insoluble in water. It occurs as the mineral barite, which is the main commercial source of barium and materials prepared from it. Its opaque white appearance and its high density are exploited in its main applications.Barium sulfate is reduced to barium sulfide by carbon. The accidental discovery of this conversion many centuries ago led to the discovery of the first synthetic phosphor.The sulfide, unlike the sulfate, is water-soluble.

Production

Almost all of the barium consumed commercially is obtained from barite, which is often highly impure. Barite is processed by thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR), also known as carbothermal reduction (heating with coke) to give barium sulfide:

BaSO4 + 4 C → BaS + 4 CO
In contrast to barium sulfate, barium sulfide is soluble in water and readily converted to the oxide, carbonate, and halides. To produce highly pure barium sulfate, the sulfide or chloride is treated with sulfuric acid or sulfate salts:

BaS + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + H2S
Barium sulfate produced in this way is often called blanc fixe, which is French for “permanent white”. Blanc fixe is the form of barium encountered in consumer products, such as paints.

In the laboratory barium sulfate is generated by combining solutions of barium ions and sulfate salts. Because barium sulfate is the least toxic salt of barium due to its insolubility, wastes containing barium salts are sometimes treated with sodium sulfate to immobilize (detoxify) the barium. Barium sulfate is one of the most insoluble salts of sulfate. Its low solubility is exploited in qualitative inorganic analysis as a test for Ba2+ ions, as well as for sulfate.

Untreated raw materials such as natural baryte formed under hydrothermal conditions may contain many impurities, a.o., quartz, or even amorphous silica.

Barium Sulfate

  • Other Trading Names:
  • Einecs 244-214-4
  • Sulfurated Baryta
  • Barium Monosulfide
  • Bariumpolysulphide

Precipitated barium sulphate is a function filler which issuperfine in nature and exhibits a low absorption threshold. It occurs as colorless or thorhombic crystals or a white amorphous powder, and does not dissolve in water, ethanol, and acid but is soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid.It allows insulation, prevents agglomeration & flocculation, and ultimately provides improved pigmentation efficiency to the surface upon which it is applied. Precipitated barium sulfate is synthetic barium sulfate precipitated with a specified particle size.The naturally occurring type of barium sulfate is used commonly.For applications requiring pure white colors, barium sulfate is obtained by precipitation as “blanc-fixe””(permanent white).

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Index name Content
BaSO4 Content ≥ 98.5%
105℃ Volatile ≤0.10%
Water Solubles Content ≤0.10%
Fe Content ≤0.004%
Whiteness ≥ 97%
Moisture ≤0.15%
Oil Absorption 10－20 g/100g
PH Value 6.5－9.0
Fineness ≤0.2%
Particle Size Analysis less than10μm ≥ 80%
less than5μm ≥ 60%
less than2μm ≥ 25%
D50 0.8-1.0

Product Description

Product Characteristics

① High whiteness, high purity, excellent acid and alkali resistance, weather resistance.

② Low hardness, reducing the paint material grinding time and loss rate.

③ Low oil absorption, reduced VOC and good leveling property.

④ The particle size distribution is concentrated, with super-high gloss and brightness.

⑤ Good dispersion and spacial segregation effect can reduce the amount of titanium dioxide.

⑥ Less impurities, no harmful substances, can ensure the safety and cleanliness of products.

 Essencial Data:

● The molecular formula：BaSO4

● The molecular weight: 233.40

● The product quality: GB／T2899－2008

Chemical Description

  • It has superior physical properties, less mechanical impurities, and extremely uniform fineness. It is an amorphous white powder, non-toxic, insoluble in water, soluble in oleum, slightly soluble in boiling hydrochloric acid, and stable in chemical properties.
  • Barium sulfide (BaS) belongs to the inorganic compound that possesses different characters, which allows it to be applied in a variety of fields.
  • It is primarily used as an important precursor to produce other barium compounds, such as barium carbonate as well as the pigment lithopone (ZnS•BaSO4).
  • Similar to other chalcogenides of the alkaline earth metals, barium sulfide can be employed as a short short wavelength emitter for electronic displays and used in electronics, paint pigments, dehairing hides, flame retardant, luminous paints, and producing pure hydrogen sulfide. Besides, barium sulfide is effective to deviate X-rays and helps to give a clear image of the soft tissue.
  • Colorless crystalline solid; density 4.25 g/cm3; refractive index 2.155; melts at 1,200°C; soluble in water (decomposes); insoluble in alcohol.
  • Barium sulfide occurs in the form of black ash, which is a gray to black impure product obtained from high temperature carbonaceous reduction of barite.
  • It is the starting material in the manufacture of most barium compounds including barium chloride and barium carbonate.
  • It is used in luminous paints; for dehairing hides; as a flame retardant; and for generating H2S.
  • Barium sulfide has different characters, so it is used in a variety of ways, such as in electronics, paint pigments, dehairing hides, flame retardant, luminous paints, and generating pure hydrogen sulfide.
  • Barium sulfide can deviate X-rays and helps to give a clear image of the soft tissue. Barium sulfide is a precursor to other barium compounds and also used as a short wavelength emitter for electronic displays.
  • A poison. Flammable by spontaneous chemical reaction, air, moisture, or acid fumes may cause it to ignite. For explosion and disaster hazards, see SULFIDES. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemicals.
  • Reacts violently with phosphorus(V) oxide. Mixtures with lead dioxide, potassium chlorate, or potassium nitrite explode when heated. Incompatible with Cl2O, Ca(NO3)2, r(NO3)2, Ca(ClO3)2, Sr(ClO3)2, (ClO3)2.

application

It is used as a raw material or filler for paints, inks, plastics, advertising pigments, cosmetics, and batteries. It is used both as a filler and as a reinforcing agent in rubber products. It is used as a filler and weight increasing agent in polychloroethane resins, as a surface coating agent for printing paper and copper board paper, and as a sizing agent for the textile industry. Glass products can be used as clarifying agents to defoaming and increase luster. It can be used as a protective wall material for radiation protection. It is also used in industries such as ceramics, enamel, spices, and pigments. It is also a raw material for manufacturing other barium salts – powder coatings, paints, marine primers, ordnance equipment paints, automotive paints, latex paints, interior and exterior wall architectural coatings. It can improve the product’s light resistance, weather resistance, chemical and electrochemical corrosion resistance, and decorative effects, as well as enhance the impact strength of the coating. The inorganic industry is used as a raw material for the manufacture of other barium salts such as barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, and barium chloride. The wood industry is used for backing and modulating printing paint when producing wood grain printed boards. Used as green pigments and lakes in organic synthesis to produce organic fillers.

1.Drilling fluids

About 80% of the world’s barium sulfate production, mostly purified mineral, is consumed as a component of oil well drilling fluid. It increases the density of the fluid,increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the well and reducing the chance of a blowout.

In geotechnical engineering, drilling fluid, also known as drilling mud, is used to aid the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Used while drilling oil and natural gas wells and on exploration drilling rigs, drilling fluids are also used for much simpler boreholes, such as water wells.

The main functions of liquid drilling fluids are to exert hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering into the well bore, and carrying out drill cuttings as well as suspending the drill cuttings while drilling is paused such as when the drilling assembly is brought in and out of the hole. The drilling fluid also keeps the drill bit cool and clears out cuttings beneath it during drilling. The drilling fluid used for a particular job is selected to avoid formation damage and to limit corrosion.

2.Radiocontrast agent

Main article: Barium sulfate suspension
Barium sulfate in suspension is often used medically as a radiocontrast agent for X-ray imaging and other diagnostic procedures. It is most often used in imaging of the GI tract during what is colloquially known as a “barium meal”. It is administered orally, or by enema, as a suspension of fine particles in a thick milk-like solution (often with sweetening and flavoring agents added). Although barium is a heavy metal, and its water-soluble compounds are often highly toxic, the low solubility of barium sulfate protects the patient from absorbing harmful amounts of the metal. Barium sulfate is also readily removed from the body, unlike Thorotrast, which it replaced. Due to the relatively high atomic number (Z = 56) of barium, its compounds absorb X-rays more strongly than compounds derived from lighter nuclei.

3.papermaking

Functional materials
Flame retardant materials, anti X-ray materials, battery cathode materials, etc. Both exhibit unique properties and are an indispensable and important component of related materials.
Paper brightener
A thin layer of barium sulfate called baryta is first coated on the base surface of most photographic paper to increase the reflectiveness of the image, with the first such paper introduced in 1884 in Germany.The light-sensitive silver halide emulsion is then coated over the baryta layer. The baryta coating limits the penetration of the emulsion into the fibers of the paper and makes the emulsion more even, resulting in more uniform blacks.Further coatings may then be present for fixing and protection of the image. Baryta has also been used to brighten papers intended for ink-jet printing.

4.Filler

Tire rubber, insulating rubber, rubber plate, tape, and engineering plastics can enhance the anti-aging performance and weather resistance of the product. The product is not easy to age and become brittle, and can significantly improve the surface finish, reduce production costs. As the main filler of powder coatings, it is the main means to adjust the bulk density of powder and improve the powder loading rate.
Plastics filler
Barium sulfate is commonly used as a filler for plastics to increase the density of the polymer in vibrational mass damping applications. In polypropylene and polystyrene plastics, it is used as a filler in proportions up to 70%. It has an effect of increasing acid and alkali resistance and opacity. Such composites are also used as X-ray shielding materials due to their enhanced radio-opacity.In cases where machinability and weight are a concern, composites with high mass fraction (70–80%) of barium sulfate may be preferred to the more commonly used steel shields.

5.Printing -Ink filler

Which can resist aging, exposure, increase adhesion, clear color, bright color, and fade.
The majority of synthetic barium sulfate is used as a component of white pigment for paints. In oil paint, barium sulfate is almost transparent[citation needed], and is used as a filler or to modify consistency. One major manufacturer of artists’ oil paint sells “permanent white” that contains a mixture of titanium white pigment (TiO2) and barium sulfate. The combination of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide (ZnS) is the inorganic pigment called lithopone. In photography it is used as a coating for certain photographic papers.It is also used as a coating to diffuse light evenly.

6.Light-reflecting paint for cooling

Barium sulfate is highly reflective, of both visible and ultraviolet light.Researchers used it as an ingredient in paint that reflects 98.1% of solar radiation, allowing surfaces to which it has been applied to stay cooler in sunlit conditions. Commercially available white paints only reflect 80 – 90% of solar radiation.By using hexagonal nanoplatelet boron nitride, the thickness of a coat of this type of paint was reduced to 0.15 mm.

7.Niche uses

Barium sulfate is used in soil testing. Tests for soil pH and other qualities of soil use colored indicators, and small particles (usually clay) from the soil can cloud the test mixture and make it hard to see the color of the indicator. Barium sulfate added to the mixture binds with these particles, making them heavier so they fall to the bottom, leaving a clearer solution.

In metal casting, the moulds used are often coated with barium sulfate in order to prevent the molten metal from bonding with the mould.

8.Catalyst support

Barium sulfate is used as a catalyst support when selectively hydrogenating functional groups that are sensitive to overreduction. With a low surface area, the contact time of the substrate with the catalyst is shorter and thus selectivity is achieved. Palladium on barium sulfate is also used as a catalyst in the Rosenmund reduction.

9.Copper industry

As barium sulfate has a high melting point and is insoluble in water, it is used as a release material in casting of copper anode plates. The anode plates are cast in copper molds, so to avoid the direct contact of the liquid copper with the solid copper mold, a suspension of fine barium sulfate powder in water is used as a coating on the mold surface. Thus, when the molten copper solidifies in form of an anode plate it can be easily released from its mold.

10.Pyrotechnics

As barium compounds emit a characteristic green light when heated at high temperature, barium salts are often used in green pyrotechnic formulas, although nitrate and chlorate salts are more common. Barium sulfate is commonly used as a component of “strobe” pyrotechnic compositions.

Other fields -Ceramics, glass raw materials, special resin mold materials, and the combination of precipitated barium sulfate with special particle size distribution with titanium dioxide have synergistic effects on titanium dioxide, thereby reducing the amount of titanium dioxide used.

Properties and Stability

High-temperature decomposition produces toxic sulfide fumes. Avoid contact with oxides. Almost insoluble in water, ethanol, and acids. Soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, prone to agglomeration when dry. Can be reduced to barium sulfide with carbon at 600°C. Reduction can also be achieved with hydrogen at 900-1000°C. Personnel should take precautions, and workplaces should have good ventilation. If accidentally exposed to skin and eyes, immediately rinse with flowing water.

Slightly alkaline, reduced to barium sulfide when heated with carbon, no color change when exposed to hydrogen sulfide gas.

Ultrafine barium sulfate is a highly dispersed precipitated barium sulfate. It is soluble in hot sulfuric acid but insoluble in water, alcohols, and other solvents. It has narrow particle size distribution, good dispersibility, strong chemical inertness, good stability, acid and alkali resistance, moderate hardness, high relative density, high whiteness, and can absorb harmful radiation, making it an environmentally friendly material.

Ecological Data: Generally not harmful to water. Do not discharge materials into the surrounding environment without government permission.

Toxicological Data: Inhalation may cause tightness in the chest, chest pain, coughing, etc. Irritating to the eyes. Prolonged inhalation can lead to barium dust lung. Can burn the skin and cause hair loss. Protective measures should be taken during production, and direct contact with the human body should be avoided.

Packaging and Transportation

Transport packaging: double packaging, polyethylene film bag for inner packing with plastic woven bag or composite plastic woven bag with outer packing Net weight 25 or 50kg. To avoid rain, moisture and exposure should be in the process of transportation.

Keep away from sources of ignition and heat. Packaging must be sealed and should not come into contact with air. Store separately from reducing agents, flammable substances, combustible materials, metal powders, etc.

Store in a ventilated and dry warehouse. Do not store or transport together with acids or food items. Handle with care during loading and unloading to prevent packaging damage.

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